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Adoption
Process |
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International Adoption is a very complicated and at
the same time is a very rewarding process. Thousands and thousands
families adopt every year from overseas. Orphans Adoption is proud
to be part of this exciting process and making some ground braking
changes in the way it’s done. Our agency solely focuses on the
family and its needs rather then simply on the paperwork alone like
many other agencies do. We stay close to our families through the
whole process of international adoption from start to very end.
From your fist phone call or email to Orphans Adoption you will be
working with a live person and will be able to talk on the phone
with a live person whenever you needed in order to resolve any
obstacles or confusions (we are not supporting automated phone
services, and if you call us during business hours there always be
a live person answering your phone on the other side with the
greeting from Orphans Adoption).
Learn more
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Adoption
Stories |
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ADOPTION RUSSIA: RUSSIA ECONOMY
A decade after the implosion of the Soviet Union in December 1991, Russia is still struggling to establish a modern market economy and achieve strong economic growth. In contrast to its trading partners in Central Europe - which were able within 3 to 5 years to overcome the initial production declines that accompanied the launch of market reforms - Russia saw its economy contract for five years, as the executive and legislature dithered over the implementation of many of the basic foundations of a market economy. Russia achieved a slight recovery in 1997, but the government's stubborn budget deficits and the country's poor business climate made it vulnerable when the global financial crisis swept through in 1998. The crisis culminated in the August depreciation of the ruble, a debt default by the government, and a sharp deterioration in living standards for most of the population. The economy subsequently has rebounded, growing by an average of more than 6% annually in 1999-2002 on the back of higher oil prices and the 60% depreciation of the ruble in 1998. These GDP numbers, along with a renewed government effort to advance lagging structural reforms, have raised business and investor confidence over Russia's prospects in its second decade of transition. Yet serious problems persist. Oil, natural gas, metals, and timber account for more than 80% of exports, leaving the country vulnerable to swings in world prices. Russia's industrial base is increasingly dilapidated and must be replaced or modernized if the country is to maintain vigorous economic growth. Other problems include a weak banking system, a poor business climate that discourages both domestic and foreign investors, corruption, local and regional government intervention in the courts, and widespread lack of trust in institutions. In 2003 President PUTIN further tightened his control over the "oligarchs," especially in the realm of political expression.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $1.409 trillion (2002 est.)
GDP Growth: 4.3% (2002 est.)
GDP Capita: purchasing power parity - $9,700 (2002 est.)
GDP Composition: agriculture: 5.8%
industry: 34.6%
services: 59.6% (2002 est.)
Poverty: 25% (37622 est.)
Income: lowest 10%: 5.9%
highest 10%: 47% (2001) Distribution of family income - Gini index: 39.9 (2001)
Inflation: 15% (2002 est.)
Labor Force: 71.8 million (2002 est.)
Labor Occupation: agriculture 12.3%, industry 22.7%, services 65% (2002 est.)
Budget: revenues: $70 billion
expenditures: $62 billion, including capital expenditures of (2002 est.)
Industries: complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles; shipbuilding; road and rail transportation equipment; communications equipment; agricultural machinery, tractors, and construction equipment; electric power generating and transmitting equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer durables, textiles, foodstuffs, handicrafts
Production Growth: 3.7% (2002 est.)
Electric Production: 846.5 billion kWh (2001)
Electric Source: fossil fuel: 64.3%
hydro: 20.5%
other: 0.4% (2001)
nuclear: 14.8%
Electric Consumption: 773 billion kWh (2001)
Electric Export: 21.16 billion kWh (2001)
Electric Import: 7 billion kWh (2001)
Oil Production: 7.286 million bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil Consumption: 2.595 million bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil Exports: NA (2001)
Oil Imports: NA (2001)
Oil Reserves: 51.22 billion bbl (37257)
Gas Production: 580.8 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Gas Consumption: 408.1 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Gas Exports: 205.4 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Gas Imports: 32.7 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Gas Reserves: 47.86 trillion cu m (37257)
Agriculture: grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, vegetables, fruits; beef, milk
Exports: $104.6 billion (2002 est.)
Export Commodities: petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, wood and wood products, metals, chemicals, and a wide variety of civilian and military manufactures
Export Partners: Germany 7.5%, Italy 6.9%, Netherlands 6.7%, China 6.3%, US 6.1%, Ukraine 5.5%, Belarus 5.4%, Switzerland 5% (2002)
Imports: $60.7 billion (2002 est.)
Import Commodities: machinery and equipment, consumer goods, medicines, meat, sugar, semifinished metal products
Import Partners: Germany 14.3%, Belarus 8.9%, Ukraine 7.1%, US 6.4%, China 5.2%, Italy 4.8%, Kazakhstan 4.3%, France 4.1% (2002)
Debt: $153.5 billion (yearend 2002)
Aid: in FY01 from US, $979 million (including $750 million in non-proliferation subsidies); in 2001 from EU, $200 million
Currency: Russian ruble (RUR)
Currency Code: RUR
Exchange: Russian rubles per US dollar - 31.27 (2002), 29.17 (2001), 28.13 (2000), 24.62 (1999), 9.71 (1998) note: the post-1 January 1998 ruble is equal to 1,000 of the pre-1 January 1998 rubles
Fiscal: calendar year
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